Modals Chart
| Modal | Past Modal | Negative | Negative Past |
| Can | Could | Can’t | Couldn’t |
| Cannot | Could not | ||
| Could | Could have | Could not | Couldn’t have |
| Could not have | |||
| Will | Would | Won’t | Wouldn’t |
| Will not | Would not | ||
| Would | Would have | Wouldn’t | Wouldn’t have |
| Would not | Would not have | ||
| May | May have | May not | May not have |
| Might | Might have | Might not | Might not have |
| Should | Should have | Should not | Should not have |
| Must | Had to | Must not | Must not have |
| Must have | Mustn’t | ||
| Ought to | Ought to have | Ought not to | Ought not to have |
| Have to | Had to | Don’t have to | Didn’t have to |
| Has to | Doesn’t have to | Did not have to | |
| Have got to | |||
| Has got to | |||
| Be going to | Was/were | Is/are/am/not going to | Wasn’t/weren’t going to |
| Be supposed to | Isn’t/aren’t/am not supposed to | Wasn’t/weren’t supposed to | |
| Be able to | Was/were able to | Isn’t/aren’t/am not supposed to | Wasn’t/weren’t supposed to |
| Be to | Was/were to | Is/are/am/not to | Wasn’t/weren’t to |
| Needs to | Needn’t | ||
| Had better | Had better not | ||
| Used to | Didn’t use to | ||
| Be about to | Was/were about to | Is/are/am not about to | Wasn’t/weren’t about to |
| Would rather | Would rather have | Would rather not | Would rather not have |
See also:
Grammar: Basic Modals
Grammar: Common Modal Usage
Grammar: Past Modals
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